Coronary angiography is the imaging of heart vessels (coronary arteries) using X-rays and contrast material. This procedure is considered the gold standard in diagnosing coronary artery disease.
What is Coronary Angiography?#
Coronary angiography is an invasive imaging method performed to evaluate the internal structure and blood flow of heart vessels.
Purpose of the Procedure:
- Detection of coronary artery narrowings
- Determination of stenosis degree
- Assistance in treatment planning
- Decision making for stent or bypass
Coronary Angiography Indications#
Diagnostic Indications#
Stable Coronary Artery Disease:
- Typical angina pectoris
- Positive stress test
- Symptoms unresponsive to medical treatment
Acute Coronary Syndrome:
- Unstable angina
- NSTEMI (non-ST elevation myocardial infarction)
- STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction)
Other Indications:
- Heart failure (ischemic etiology investigation)
- Pre-valve surgery evaluation
- Cardiomyopathy evaluation
- Unexplained chest pain
Pre-Angiography Preparation#
Tests and Evaluations#
- Blood tests (kidney function, coagulation)
- ECG
- Echocardiography
- Allergy history (contrast material)
- Medication list review
Patient Preparation#
- 6-8 hours fasting
- Metformin discontinuation (48 hours before)
- Anticoagulant adjustment
- Groin or wrist area shaving
- Hydration
How is Angiography Performed?#
Access Routes#
Radial Access (Wrist):
- Less bleeding risk
- Early mobilization
- Better patient comfort
- Preferred method
Femoral Access (Groin):
- Larger catheter use
- Preferred in complex procedures
- Longer bed rest
Procedure Steps#
- Local anesthesia: Applied to access site
- Vessel puncture: Artery entered with needle
- Sheath placement: For catheter passage
- Catheter advancement: Under fluoroscopy guidance
- Contrast injection: Into coronary arteries
- Imaging: Recording from different angles
- Catheter removal: Hemostasis achieved
Procedure Duration#
Diagnostic angiography usually takes 15-30 minutes.
Angiography Results#
Normal Findings#
- Smooth coronary arteries
- No narrowing or blockage
- Normal blood flow
Abnormal Findings#
| Stenosis Degree | Meaning |
|---|---|
| <50% | Mild stenosis |
| 50-70% | Moderate stenosis |
| 70-90% | Severe stenosis |
| >90% | Critical stenosis |
| 100% | Total occlusion |
Post-Angiography Treatment Options#
Based on angiography results:
- Medical treatment: In mild stenosis
- Coronary angioplasty/stent: In severe stenosis
- Coronary bypass surgery: In multi-vessel disease
Angiography Risks#
Procedure risks are low:
- Access site complications (bleeding, hematoma)
- Contrast nephropathy
- Allergic reaction
- Arrhythmia
- Stroke (rare)
- Myocardial infarction (rare)
Post-Procedure Care#
Radial Access:
- 2-4 hours pressure bandage
- Same-day discharge possible
Femoral Access:
- 4-6 hours bed rest
- Keep leg straight
Frequently Asked Questions#
Is angiography painful?
How long does angiography take?
When can I go home after angiography?
Is hospitalization required for angiography?
When can I return to work after angiography?
Appointment and Contact#
If you would like to schedule an appointment for coronary angiography:
📍 Avrasya Hospital - Beştelsiz Mah. 101. Sokak No:107, Zeytinburnu, Istanbul
📞 Phone: +90 212 665 50 50 (Ext: 4012)
This content has been prepared by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Habib Çil for general informational purposes. Please consult a cardiology specialist for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
Related Coronary Interventions#
Other coronary treatments related to angiography:
- Cardiac Angiography - Coronary artery imaging
- Coronary Angioplasty - Balloon and stent vessel opening
- Radial Angiography - Wrist access angiography
- Cardiac Catheterization - Cardiac catheterization
- Coronary Artery Disease - About coronary artery disease