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This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. High cholesterol is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes. This condition, which often threatens vascular health for years without symptoms, can be successfully controlled with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll discuss what cholesterol is, why it matters, risk factors, and effective management strategies. What is Cholesterol? # Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in every cell of our body. Despite its bad reputation, it’s actually essential for life:

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Heart valve diseases occur when one or more of the heart’s four valves don’t function properly. Valves can become narrowed (stenosis), fail to close completely (regurgitation), or both. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the vast majority of patients can continue their normal lives. In this article, I’ll discuss the types of heart valve diseases, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and current treatment options in detail. Heart Valves and Their Functions # The heart consists of four chambers (two atria, two ventricles) and four valves. Valves act as one-way gates that ensure blood flows in one direction:

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device) is a mechanical device that supports or completely takes over the heart’s pumping function in advanced heart failure. It is used as bridge therapy in patients waiting for heart transplant or as permanent treatment in patients not suitable for transplant. In this guide, we detail how LVAD works, who it is applied to, and how it affects daily life. What is LVAD? # LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device) is a mechanical device that takes blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to the aorta. It helps provide adequate blood flow to the body by reducing the load on the weakened heart.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Heart bypass surgery is a surgical procedure that provides blood flow to the heart muscle by creating a new vessel pathway around blocked coronary arteries. In this comprehensive guide, we detail how CABG surgery is performed, who it is applied to, the risks, and the recovery process. What is Heart Bypass? # Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is creating a new vessel pathway around blocked or severely stenosed coronary arteries. Blood vessels taken from other parts of the body are used to carry blood beyond the blockage.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Heart transplant is a life-saving surgical procedure performed in end-stage heart failure. This method, used when all treatment options are exhausted, offers a new chance at life for many patients. In this guide, we detail the heart transplant process, waiting list, post-surgery life, and important considerations. What is Heart Transplant? # Heart transplant (cardiac transplantation) is removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy heart from a brain-dead donor. It is the last resort treatment in end-stage heart failure when other treatments are insufficient.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Pericardiocentesis is draining fluid accumulated between the pericardium (heart sac) and the heart with a needle. This interventional procedure, performed for both diagnostic (fluid analysis) and therapeutic purposes (in emergencies like tamponade), can be life-saving. In this guide, we detail the causes of pericardial effusion, the pericardiocentesis procedure, and the recovery process. What is Pericardiocentesis? # Pericardiocentesis is draining fluid accumulated in the pericardial space (the area between the membrane surrounding the heart and the heart itself) using a needle and catheter. Normally, this space contains only 15-50 ml of fluid that allows the heart to move freely.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. A heart attack is a serious, life-threatening condition that occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked. Every year, hundreds of thousands of people worldwide experience heart attacks, and many of these could have been prevented with early detection and proper intervention. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll explain what a heart attack is, how to recognize the warning signs, and the life-saving steps you should take in an emergency. What is a Heart Attack? # A heart attack, medically known as myocardial infarction, occurs when one or more of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle becomes blocked. Our heart is a muscular pump that continuously works to circulate blood throughout our body, and like any other muscle, it requires a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients to function properly. This supply comes through the coronary arteries.

This content has been prepared in accordance with healthcare regulations and medical ethics standards to protect and inform public health. It does not contain any diagnosis, treatment guarantee, or referral. Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure performed by vascular surgery and cardiovascular surgery specialists. Please consult a qualified healthcare facility for the most accurate information. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure to remove atherosclerotic plaque buildup from the inner wall of the carotid artery in the neck. This surgery prevents blockage of blood flow to the brain and significantly reduces the risk of stroke. This comprehensive guide covers what carotid endarterectomy is, who is a candidate, how it is performed, its risks, and alternatives. What Is Carotid Endarterectomy? # Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the surgical removal of atherosclerotic plaque from inside the carotid artery, one of the main arteries in the neck. These plaques are accumulations of cholesterol, calcium, and fibrous tissue that cause narrowing of the artery over time.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and a leading cause of serious health problems such as heart attacks, strokes, and kidney failure. It’s called the “silent killer” because it can cause organ damage over years without any noticeable symptoms. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll discuss what hypertension is, how to recognize it, the risk factors involved, and effective treatment approaches. What is Hypertension? # Hypertension is a condition where blood pressure consistently remains above normal levels. Blood pressure is the force that blood exerts on the walls of arteries as the heart pumps it through the body. This pressure is expressed as two values: