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This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a serious circulatory disorder that occurs when arteries in the legs and arms narrow or become blocked. This condition, which usually develops due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), can prevent serious complications with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. In this comprehensive guide, I will discuss in detail what peripheral artery disease is, its symptoms, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and treatment options. What is Peripheral Artery Disease? # Peripheral artery disease is a condition where arteries outside the heart and brain narrow or become blocked. It most commonly affects leg arteries but can also affect arteries going to the arms, stomach, kidneys, and other organs. The disease usually develops as a result of atherosclerosis, a process where fatty plaques accumulate on artery walls.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. Not only can it cause leg pain and swelling, but it also poses a life-threatening risk if the clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs (Pulmonary Embolism). This comprehensive guide discusses the early diagnosis of DVT, modern treatment methods, and ways to prevent this condition. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)? # Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within a deep vein, most commonly in the legs. Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart and lungs. A blockage in these veins prevents blood from returning properly, causing it to pool.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Diabetic foot is a serious complication that develops in diabetic patients and affects the feet. This condition, resulting from the combination of nerve damage (neuropathy) and vascular disease (vasculopathy), significantly increases the risk of wound formation, infection, and amputation. But the good news is that the vast majority of diabetic foot complications are preventable! In this comprehensive guide, I will discuss in detail what diabetic foot is, risk factors, symptoms, treatment methods, and most importantly, how it can be prevented. What is Diabetic Foot? # Diabetic foot describes a series of complications affecting the feet in diabetic patients. Prolonged high blood sugar leads to two main problems in the body:

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Venous insufficiency, commonly known as Varicose Vein Disease, is not just a cosmetic problem but a serious circulatory disorder that impairs quality of life. Manifesting with pain, heaviness, and swelling in the legs, this condition can now be treated comfortably with modern methods like laser and radiofrequency without the need for surgery. What is Venous Insufficiency? # Veins are vessels that carry dirty blood from the legs back to the heart against gravity. Inside these veins are one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. When these valves malfunction, blood pools downward due to gravity, and pressure inside the vein increases. This condition is called Chronic Venous Insufficiency, and the enlarged, tortuous veins are called Varicose Veins.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is the abnormal enlargement of the aorta, the body’s main artery, in the abdominal region. Often progressing silently and known as the “silent killer,” this condition poses a life-threatening risk if it ruptures. Interventional Cardiologist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Habib Çil explains what you need to know about early diagnosis, monitoring of AAA, and the non-surgical treatment method, EVAR. What is Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm? # Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the enlargement of the abdominal portion of the aorta (abdominal aorta), the main vessel carrying clean blood from the heart to the entire body, to more than 1.5 times its normal diameter. The normal abdominal aortic diameter is approximately 2 cm; a diameter of 3 cm or more is considered an aneurysm.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD) is commonly known as “leg artery blockage.” This condition, which manifests especially with leg pain that comes on with walking (window shopper’s disease), can lead to serious consequences up to limb loss if left untreated. Interventional Cardiologist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Habib Çil provides detailed information about non-surgical treatment (balloon and stent) of leg vessel blockages. What is Lower Extremity Arterial Disease? # Lower extremity arterial disease is the narrowing or complete blockage of arteries carrying clean blood to the legs due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Cholesterol, fat, and calcium layers (plaque) accumulating in the vessel wall obstruct blood flow and impair the nutrition of leg muscles.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Mitral valve disease is dysfunction of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle. It has two main forms: mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Balloon valvuloplasty is a procedure to dilate a narrowed heart valve using a balloon catheter. It is an effective treatment method especially for mitral and pulmonary valve stenosis.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Aortic valve disease is dysfunction of the valve between the left ventricle and aorta. It has two main forms: aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Surface echocardiography (transthoracic echocardiography - TTE) is a heart ultrasound examination performed through the chest wall. It is a non-invasive and painless imaging method. This comprehensive guide covers echocardiography indications, procedure process, and evaluation parameters in detail. What is Surface Echocardiography? # Surface echocardiography is an imaging method that evaluates heart structure and function using ultrasound waves. It is a non-invasive and painless examination.