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This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Pericardiocentesis is draining fluid accumulated between the pericardium (heart sac) and the heart with a needle. This interventional procedure, performed for both diagnostic (fluid analysis) and therapeutic purposes (in emergencies like tamponade), can be life-saving. In this guide, we detail the causes of pericardial effusion, the pericardiocentesis procedure, and the recovery process. What is Pericardiocentesis? # Pericardiocentesis is draining fluid accumulated in the pericardial space (the area between the membrane surrounding the heart and the heart itself) using a needle and catheter. Normally, this space contains only 15-50 ml of fluid that allows the heart to move freely.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device) is a mechanical device that supports or completely takes over the heart’s pumping function in advanced heart failure. It is used as bridge therapy in patients waiting for heart transplant or as permanent treatment in patients not suitable for transplant. In this guide, we detail how LVAD works, who it is applied to, and how it affects daily life. What is LVAD? # LVAD (Left Ventricular Assist Device) is a mechanical device that takes blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to the aorta. It helps provide adequate blood flow to the body by reducing the load on the weakened heart.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Heart transplant is a life-saving surgical procedure performed in end-stage heart failure. This method, used when all treatment options are exhausted, offers a new chance at life for many patients. In this guide, we detail the heart transplant process, waiting list, post-surgery life, and important considerations. What is Heart Transplant? # Heart transplant (cardiac transplantation) is removing the diseased heart and replacing it with a healthy heart from a brain-dead donor. It is the last resort treatment in end-stage heart failure when other treatments are insufficient.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Heart bypass surgery is a surgical procedure that provides blood flow to the heart muscle by creating a new vessel pathway around blocked coronary arteries. In this comprehensive guide, we detail how CABG surgery is performed, who it is applied to, the risks, and the recovery process. What is Heart Bypass? # Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is creating a new vessel pathway around blocked or severely stenosed coronary arteries. Blood vessels taken from other parts of the body are used to carry blood beyond the blockage.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Venous insufficiency, commonly known as Varicose Vein Disease, is not just a cosmetic problem but a serious circulatory disorder that impairs quality of life. Manifesting with pain, heaviness, and swelling in the legs, this condition can now be treated comfortably with modern methods like laser and radiofrequency without the need for surgery. What is Venous Insufficiency? # Veins are vessels that carry dirty blood from the legs back to the heart against gravity. Inside these veins are one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backward. When these valves malfunction, blood pools downward due to gravity, and pressure inside the vein increases. This condition is called Chronic Venous Insufficiency, and the enlarged, tortuous veins are called Varicose Veins.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Lower Extremity Arterial Disease (LEAD) is commonly known as “leg artery blockage.” This condition, which manifests especially with leg pain that comes on with walking (window shopper’s disease), can lead to serious consequences up to limb loss if left untreated. Interventional Cardiologist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Habib Çil provides detailed information about non-surgical treatment (balloon and stent) of leg vessel blockages. What is Lower Extremity Arterial Disease? # Lower extremity arterial disease is the narrowing or complete blockage of arteries carrying clean blood to the legs due to atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). Cholesterol, fat, and calcium layers (plaque) accumulating in the vessel wall obstruct blood flow and impair the nutrition of leg muscles.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is the abnormal enlargement of the aorta, the body’s main artery, in the abdominal region. Often progressing silently and known as the “silent killer,” this condition poses a life-threatening risk if it ruptures. Interventional Cardiologist Assoc. Prof. Dr. Habib Çil explains what you need to know about early diagnosis, monitoring of AAA, and the non-surgical treatment method, EVAR. What is Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm? # Abdominal aortic aneurysm is the enlargement of the abdominal portion of the aorta (abdominal aorta), the main vessel carrying clean blood from the heart to the entire body, to more than 1.5 times its normal diameter. The normal abdominal aortic diameter is approximately 2 cm; a diameter of 3 cm or more is considered an aneurysm.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition where a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the legs. Not only can it cause leg pain and swelling, but it also poses a life-threatening risk if the clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs (Pulmonary Embolism). This comprehensive guide discusses the early diagnosis of DVT, modern treatment methods, and ways to prevent this condition. What is Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)? # Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) within a deep vein, most commonly in the legs. Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart and lungs. A blockage in these veins prevents blood from returning properly, causing it to pool.

This content has been prepared in accordance with healthcare regulations and medical ethics standards to protect and inform public health. It does not contain any diagnosis, treatment guarantee, or referral. Carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure performed by vascular surgery and cardiovascular surgery specialists. Please consult a qualified healthcare facility for the most accurate information. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical procedure to remove atherosclerotic plaque buildup from the inner wall of the carotid artery in the neck. This surgery prevents blockage of blood flow to the brain and significantly reduces the risk of stroke. This comprehensive guide covers what carotid endarterectomy is, who is a candidate, how it is performed, its risks, and alternatives. What Is Carotid Endarterectomy? # Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is the surgical removal of atherosclerotic plaque from inside the carotid artery, one of the main arteries in the neck. These plaques are accumulations of cholesterol, calcium, and fibrous tissue that cause narrowing of the artery over time.

This content has been prepared for informational purposes to protect public health, in compliance with the regulations of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey and medical ethical rules. It does not provide any diagnosis, treatment guarantees, or specific medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare provider for the most accurate information. Mitral valve disease is dysfunction of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle. It has two main forms: mitral stenosis and mitral regurgitation.